📌 COMPOSITION

Each capsule contains: Clindamycin Hydrochloride USP equivalent to Clindamycin 150 mg.

📌 DESCRIPTION

Clinacin (Clindamycin Hydrochloride) is a semi‑synthetic lincosamide antibiotic with a primarily bacteriostatic action against Gram‑positive aerobes and a wide range of anaerobic bacteria. High concentrations are slowly bactericidal against sensitive strains. It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis in the micro‑organism through binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Clindamycin is active against most aerobic Gram‑positive bacteria, including Streptococci and Staphylococci. Clindamycin has good activity against a wide range of Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative anaerobic bacteria, including Eubacterium, Propionibacterium, Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus spp., many strains of Clostridium perfringens and Cl. tetani, Fusobacterium spp., Veillonella and Bacteroides spp., including the B. fragilis group. Several Actinomyces spp. and Nocardia asteroides are reported to be susceptible. Synergistic activity has been reported between Clindamycin and Metronidazole, Ceftazidime and Ciprofloxacin. About 90% of a dose of Clindamycin hydrochloride is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; concentrations of 2-3 μg/ml occur within one hour after the administration of a 150 mg dose of Clindamycin. Absorption is not significantly affected by food in the stomach. Clindamycin is widely distributed into body tissues and fluids, including bones, with the exception of the CSF. Over 90% of Clindamycin is bound to plasma proteins. The half‑life is reported to be 2-3 hours. Clindamycin is metabolised in the liver into active and some inactive metabolites. It diffuses across the placenta into the fetal circulation and has been reported to appear in breast milk. About 10% of the dose is excreted as active drug or metabolites in urine and 4% in the faeces. The remainder is excreted as inactive metabolites.

📌 INDICATIONS

Clinacin is indicated in the treatment of a wide range of infections caused by susceptible organisms, particularly anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis infections, and some staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. This includes: upper and lower respiratory tract infections, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia. It is also used in the treatment of: liver abscess, actinomycosis, staphylococcal bone and joint infections, the carrier state of diphtheria, gas gangrene, various gynaecological infections including bacterial vaginosis, endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease, necrotising fasciitis, peritonitis, septicaemia, skin infections, and prophylaxis against endocarditis, surgical wound infection and perineal infections.

📌 DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION

Clinacin capsules should be taken with a glass of water.

• The usual daily dose of Clindamycin ranges from 150-300 mg every 6 hours. In severe infections, the dose may be increased to 450 mg every 6 hours.
• For prophylaxis against endocarditis in patients undergoing dental operations, e.g., dental extraction with or without local anaesthesia, and in whom penicillin cannot be used, a dose of 600 mg of Clindamycin is suggested one hour before the operation.

📌 RESTRICTIONS ON USE

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the lincosamide group of antibiotics.

Precautions

• Caution should be taken in atopic patients.
• Dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with very severe renal or hepatic impairment.
• Caution should be taken in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis. The drug should be immediately withdrawn if antibiotic‑associated diarrhoea or pseudomembranous colitis occurs.
• Periodic liver and kidney function tests are advisable with prolonged use.
• Overgrowth of non‑susceptible organisms, particularly yeast, may occur.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

The safety of Clindamycin use in pregnancy has not been established. It is secreted in breast milk and should be avoided in nursing women.

📌 ADVERSE EFFECTS

Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypersensitivity reactions in the form of pruritus, skin rash, erythema multiforme have been reported. Transient changes in liver enzymes, transient neutropenia and eosinophilia.

📌 OVERDOSAGE

In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. There is no specific antidote. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. In large doses, pseudomembranous colitis may occur. Monitoring of vital signs and supportive care is recommended.

📌 STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS

Store between 15-30°C in a dry place.

📌 PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS

• Clinacin capsules: Packs of 16 capsules and hospital packs of different sizes.